Question

Zoodiogamy takes places in:
(a)Lower gymnosperms
(b)Higher gymnosperms
(c)Angiosperms
(d)All of the above

Answer 1

A type of fertilization in plants where the male gametes or antherozoids swim in the water to the female gametes present in the archegonium is known as zooidogamy.

Complete step-by-step answer:
There are ciliated male gametes that take part in this type of fertilization and this occurs in Cycas. This type of plant reproduction relates to evolution and is found in lower gymnosperms, algae, bryophytes, and pteridophytes. Other gymnosperms use siphonogamy.

Additional Information:

Higher gymnosperms- In conifers such as pines a leafy green sporophyte generates cones containing male and female gametophytes. Female cones are bigger than male cones and are present higher up in the tree.
Unlike angiosperms, double fertilization does not take place in gymnosperms; also the ovaries are absent. The male and female gametophytes are present on cones rather than flowers, and wind (not animals) drives pollination.
Angiosperm- These plants go through double fertilization i.e. the pollen tube delivers two male gametes (sperm cells) into the embryo sac, to form the endosperm- one sperm cell fuses with the central cell and to form the embryo- the second sperm cell fuses with the egg cell.

So, the correct answer is ‘lower gymnosperms’.

Note: Siphonogamy is the type of fertilization which takes place by the formation of the pollen tube for the transfer of the male cells to the eggs. Most seed plants are siphonogamous, while in the lower plants the male cells usually swim to the eggs. The spermatophytes are sometimes called siphonogams.