Question

$X + {H_2}O \to Y$. Y is used to remove grease stains from woolen clothes. Identify X and Y.
A.$N{H_3},N{H_4}Cl$
B.$N{H_3},N{H_4}OH$
C.$N{H_4}OH,N{H_3}$
D.$C{l_2},HCl$

Answer 1

To answer this question, you should recall the types of different cleansing agents and their formation. The compound Y is also known as ammonia water.

Complete step by step solution:
Ammonia is used in the household as a cleaner. $N{H_3}\;$ is mixed with water to clean stainless steel and glass. Other uses include the manufacturing process of chemical fertilizers. It is used as a solution or as salt in these fertilizers.
Ammonium hydroxide is also used in the production of organic and inorganic chemicals containing nitrogen. It is the base chemical in the manufacture of nitric acid. $N{H_3}\;$ is used to remove grease stains from woollen clothes. Ammonia (pH= 11) is a common alkaline cleaning agent.
Ammonium hydroxide formed by the reaction of water and ammonia removes grease stains from clothes.
The reaction can be completed as:
$N{H_3} + {H_2}O \to N{H_4}OH$.

Hence, the correct answer to this question is option B.

Note:
Ammonia is prepared using Haber’s process. The conditions which maximize the yield of ammonia are:
Using Le Chatelier’s principle, as the above reaction is exothermic, low temperature will shift the equilibrium to the right leading to a greater yield of ammonia. A temperature of ${450^{\text{o}}}{\text{C}}$ will maximise the preparation of ammonia.
As there is a decrease in gaseous moles, high pressure on the reaction at equilibrium favours the shift of the equilibrium to the right. A pressure of ${\text{200 atm}}$ will maximise the preparation of ammonia.
To increase the rate of reaction, a catalyst is used to quickly attain equilibrium.
The reactants nitrogen and hydrogen gas should be pure to increase the yield of ammonia.