Question

Write the structural formulae of following derivatives of benzene.
(A)2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
(B) 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
(C) p-chlorobenzaldehyde
(D) 1-Bromo-3-phenylhexane
(E) 2-hydroxybenzoic acid

Answer 1

The structural formula of any chemical compound shows how the atoms of the compound are arranged in a three – dimensional space.
It gives detailed information about the elements present in it in terms of bonding and location.
The structural formula can be determined from the name of the compound.

Complete step by step answer:
(i) From the name of the compound 2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene, it can be understood that it contains toluene and three nitro groups are present at the 2, 4, and 6 positions of the toluene structure. Now, toluene is a derivative of benzene which has a methyl group attached to a phenyl group. It has the structure:

So, the structural formula of 2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene is:

(ii) From the name of the compound 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, it can be understood that it contains chlorobenzene and that two nitro groups are present at the 2 and 4 positions of the chlorobenzene structure.
Now, chlorobenzene is a derivative of benzene which has a chloro group attached to a phenyl group. It has the structure:

So, the structural formula of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is:

(iii) From the name of the compound p-chlorobenzaldehyde, it can be understood that it has benzaldehyde and a chloro group at the para position of the benzaldehyde.
Now, benzaldehyde is a derivative of benzene which has a formyl group attached to the benzene ring. It has the structure:

So, the structural formula of p-chlorobenzaldehyde is:

(iv)From the name of the compound 1-Bromo-3-phenylhexane, it can be understood that it has hexane as the parent chain and a bromo group and a phenyl group is attached at the positions 1 and 3 respectively.
Now, hexane is an alkane having 6 carbon atoms and so the structural formula of 1-Bromo-3-phenylhexane is:

(v) From the name of the compound 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, it can be understood that it has benzoic acid and one hydroxyl group is at the position 2.
Now, benzoic acid is a benzene derivative having a carboxyl group attached to a phenyl group. It has the structure:

So, the structural formula of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid is:

Note:
The acetyl derivative of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid known as aspirin acts as an analgesic and is widely used for its anti-blood clotting properties and also to prevent heart attacks.
2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene also known as TNT is widely used as an explosive material for industry, mining and military purposes.