Question

Write the names of isotopes of hydrogen. What is the mass ratio of these isotopes?

Answer 1

The chemical element hydrogen has the symbol H and the atomic number 1. Hydrogen is the lightest element in the periodic table, with an atomic weight of 1.008. Hydrogen is the most common chemical element in the universe, accounting for around $75\%$ of all baryonic mass. In the plasma stage, non-remnant stars are mostly made up of hydrogen. Protium (rarely used name, symbol 1H) is the most common hydrogen isotope, with one proton and no neutrons.

Complete answer:
The most common hydrogen isotope is $^1H$, which has a 99.98 percent abundance. This isotope's nucleus is made up of only one proton (atomic number = mass number = 1), with a mass of 1.007825 amu. Hydrogen is most commonly encountered as the diatomic hydrogen gas ${H_2}$ or in compounds where it interacts with other atoms; monoatomic hydrogen is uncommon. With a bond dissociation enthalpy of 435.88 kJ/mol at 298 K, the H–H bond is one of nature's strongest. As a result, until greater temperatures are achieved,${H_2}$ only dissociates to a small amount. The degree of dissociation at 3000K is only 7.85 percent. Hydrogen atoms are very reactive, combining with virtually every element.
The other stable isotope of hydrogen is $^2H$, often known as deuterium (D). It has a natural abundance of 156.25 parts per million in the seas and makes up around 0.0156 percent of all hydrogen on the planet. The nucleus of deuterium, known as a deuteron, has one proton and one neutron (mass number = 2), whereas the nucleus of the far more common hydrogen isotope, protium, contains no neutrons. Deuterium has nearly double the mass of protium due to the additional neutron in the nucleus (deuterium has a mass of 2.014102 amu, compared to the mean hydrogen atomic mass of 1.007947 amu).
The nucleus of $^3H$, often known as tritium, comprises one proton and two neutrons (mass number = 3). It is radioactive, decomposing into helium-3 by beta-decay with a release of energy of 18.6 keV. It has a 12.32-year half-life. Tritium is exceedingly uncommon on Earth, where tiny quantities are generated by the interaction of cosmic rays with the atmosphere.
The mass ratio of protium, deuterium and tritium is 1:2:3.

Note:
The interaction of acids on metals was used to create hydrogen gas for the first time in the early 16th century. Henry Cavendish was the first to discover hydrogen gas as a separate entity in 1766–81, and that when burned, it creates water, the feature for which it was later named: hydrogen means "water-former" in Greek. Steam reforming natural gas is used mostly in industrial production, with more energy-intensive techniques such as water electrolysis being used less frequently.