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Question: Write the IUPAC name of the following: Common name| Structural formula| IUPAC name ---|---|---...

Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Common nameStructural formulaIUPAC name
EthyleneCH2=CH2C{{H}_{2}}=C{{H}_{2}}
AcetyleneCH≡CHCH\equiv CH
Acetic acidCH3−COOHC{{H}_{3}}-COOH
Methyl alcoholCH3−OHC{{H}_{3}}-OH
Ethyl alcoholCH3−CH2−OHC{{H}_{3}}-C{{H}_{2}}-OH
AcetaldehydeCH3−CHOC{{H}_{3}}-CHO
AcetoneCH3−CO−CH3C{{H}_{3}}-CO-C{{H}_{3}}
Ethyl methyl ketoneCH3−CO−CH2−CH3C{{H}_{3}}-CO-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{3}}
Ethyl amineCH3−CH2−NH2C{{H}_{3}}-C{{H}_{2}}-N{{H}_{2}}
n-propyl chlorideCH3−CH2−CH2−ClC{{H}_{3}}-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{2}}-Cl
Explanation

Solution

IUPAC gives us some rules for the naming of organic compounds which can also be referred to as nomenclature of organic compounds. IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

Complete step-by-step answer: IUPAC nomenclature gives us information on writing the name of chemical compounds. There are some general rules for it. To write the name of this compound we have to follow some rules.
a. At first select the longest chain of carbon atoms
b. After that give the numbering to carbon atoms which are attached as side chains if any.
c. Now see about the functional group present and the position on which it attached.
Double bond i.e. alkene have prefix ene, triple bond i.e. alkyl have prefix yne, acid have prefix oic acid, alcohol have ol, acetone have one, acetaldehyde have al prefixes, amine is considered as amyl and presence of chlorine is known as chloride.
In this way we can assign IUPAC names

Common nameStructural formulaIUPAC name
EthyleneCH2=CH2C{{H}_{2}}=C{{H}_{2}}Ethene
AcetyleneCH≡CHCH\equiv CHEthyne
Acetic acidCH3−COOHC{{H}_{3}}-COOHEthanoic acid
Methyl alcoholCH3−OHC{{H}_{3}}-OHMethanol
Ethyl alcoholCH3−CH2−OHC{{H}_{3}}-C{{H}_{2}}-OHEthanol
AcetaldehydeCH3−CHOC{{H}_{3}}-CHOEthanal
AcetoneCH3−CO−CH3C{{H}_{3}}-CO-C{{H}_{3}}Propan-2-one
Ethyl methyl ketoneCH3−CO−CH2−CH3C{{H}_{3}}-CO-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{3}}Butan-2-one
Ethyl amineCH3−CH2−NH2C{{H}_{3}}-C{{H}_{2}}-N{{H}_{2}}Ethylamine
n-propyl chlorideCH3−CH2−CH2−ClC{{H}_{3}}-C{{H}_{2}}-C{{H}_{2}}-ClPropyl chloride

Note: The main aim of the nomenclature IUPAC is to create an international standard for designating compounds to promote communication. The purpose of the system is to give a unique and unambiguous name to each structure so that no two structures' names get mixed or they can be identified easily.