Question

Write the important features of genetic code.

Answer 1

The genetic code can be described as a set of rules that living cells use to interpret information encoded in genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences). Ribosomes are in charge of completing the translation process. They transfer RNA molecules to carry amino acids and read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time to connect the amino acids in an mRNA-specified order. To put it another way, genetic code is the nucleotide sequence of the base of DNA that is converted into an amino acid sequence of the protein to be synthesised.

Complete explanation:
Feature of genetic code:
Triplet code: A codon is a set of bases that specify an amino acid. There is strong evidence that a three-nucleotide sequence codes for an amino acid in a protein, indicating that the code is a triplet. Three-base codons are made up of the four nucleotide bases (A, G, C, and U). Sense codons are included in the $64$ codons (that specify amino acids). As a result, there are $64$ codons for $20$ amino acids, since each codon for one amino acid indicates that more than one code for that amino acid exists.
Polarity: Each triplet is read from $5'$ to $3'$, with the first base being $5'$, followed by the middle base, and finally the last base being $3'$. This means that codons have a fixed polarity, and that if the codon is read backwards, the base sequence would reverse, resulting in two separate proteins being defined.
Unambiguous and Universal: The genetic code is unambiguous, which means that each codon codes for just one amino acid. Furthermore, the same genetic code seems to be true for all species, implying that they are universal.
Degenerate code: Except for tryptophan (UGG) and methionine (AUG), every amino acid is coded by different codons, i.e., a few codons are synonyms, and this is known as degeneracy in genetic code. In yeast mitochondria, for example, UGA codes for tryptophan.
Non-Overlapping code: The code is read in groups of three nucleotides, and a nucleotide that is part of one triplet is never part of the next.

Note:
Living cells use a collection of rules called the genetic code to translate information found in genetic material into proteins. The ribosome, which uses transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time, links proteinogenic amino acids in the order defined by messenger RNA (mRNA). The genetic code is unambiguous, universal, and redundant. The genetic code is made up of the nitrogen bases A, C, G, and U in an mRNA chain. The four bases make up the genetic code's "letters." Codons are code "words" made up of three letters that are combined in groups of three. Unless it codes for a start or stop signal, each codon represents (encodes) one amino acid.