Question

Write the future products of Green Chemistry.

Answer 1

Here, we need to understand the literal meaning of Green Chemistry i.e. chemistry which is eco- friendly. Green Chemistry is defined as the design, development and implementation of chemical products and processes to reduce or to eliminate the use and generation of substances hazardous to human health and environment.

Complete step by step answer:
Green chemistry is the production process that brings a minimum pollution or deterioration to the environment. The byproducts generated during the process, if not used gainfully, add to environmental pollution. These types of processes are not environmentally unfriendly and also these are cost ineffective.
Future Products of Green Chemistry include:
I. Pyro cool as fire extinguisher: These are used in firefighting and other applications. Using a green chemistry approach, Pyrocool Technologies has synthesised a halon substitute. The product, called Pyro cool, is an environmentally benign foam that is more effective than halons in firefighting, even large-scale fires such as those on oil tankers and jet airplanes can be extinguished in a short time.
II. Use of $HFC - 134a(C{F_3}.C{H_2}F)$ as refrigerant: Chlorofluorocarbons have been in use in refrigerators and air conditioning plants. However, these compounds have been found to be unfriendly to the environment. These compounds are responsible for depletion of the ozone layer in the stratosphere and for global warming. Substitutes to these compounds such as $HFC - 134a(C{F_3}.C{H_2}F)$ have been discovered which are considered to be more friendly to the environment.
III. Use of liquid carbon dioxide in dry cleaning of clothes: Tetrachloroethene ( $C{l_2}C = CC{l_2}$) was earlier used as solvent for dry cleaning. The compound contaminates groundwater. The process using this compound is now being replaced by a process, discovered by Dr. Joe Desimone, where liquefied carbon dioxide, with a suitable detergent, is used. Replacement of halogenated solvent by liquid {\text{CO_2}} will result in less harm to groundwater.
IV. These days hydrogen peroxide ({\text{{H_2}O_2}}) is used for the purpose of bleaching clothes in the process of laundry, which gives better results and makes use of a lesser amount of water.
V. Use of hydrogen peroxide ({\text{{H_2}O_2}}) in bleaching of paper: Chlorine gas was used earlier for bleaching paper. Hydrogen peroxide ({\text{{H_2}O_2}}) with suitable catalyst, that promotes bleaching action of hydrogen peroxide, is used.
VI. A biodegradable polymer, Biomax: Scientists are engineering biodegradability into some synthetic polymers. Certain bonds or groups are introduced into the molecules to make them susceptible to fungal or bacterial attack or to decomposition by moisture. Recently, a biodegradable polymer called Biomax has been developed which decomposes in about eight weeks in a landfill. Biomax could be used in a variety of applications such as lawn bags, bottles, and liners of disposable diapers, disposable eating utensils and cups.
VII. Agrotrain: Urea is a major fertilizer used worldwide. It provides nitrogen to soil by decomposing to ammonia and CO when acted on by urease, an enzyme in soils. The ammonia is then taken up by plants. The reaction is: $N{H_2}CON{H_2}{\text{ + }}{{\text{H}}_2}O{\text{ }}\xrightarrow{{urease}}{\text{ 2N}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{ + C}}{{\text{O}}_2}$ . However, the efficiency of urea as a fertilizer is reduced because 30% ammonia is lost by evaporation before it can be taken up by plant roots. To overcome this loss, a formulation named Agrotrain has been developed which acts as urease inhibitor, i. e., this formulation reduces the rate at which urease decomposes urea so that ammonia is released more slowly and efficiently.

Note:
The raw material that is used in the Green Chemistry processes should be renewable rather than depleting technically and economically practicable.Halons are greenhouse gas compounds composed of carbon, fluorine and bromine.