Question

Write the conditions for homolytic cleavage.

Answer 1

We can say a chemical reaction is successful if the stability of the product is more when compared to that of reactants. We can say bond cleavage (or) bond fission as the splitting of chemical bonds. This could be talked about as dissociation when a molecule is cut to two or more fragments. We can categorize bond cleavages into two types based on the process:
1.Homolytic cleavage
2.Heterolytic cleavage

Complete step by step answer:
We have to know that several chemical reactions include the formation of new chemical bonds and breaking of present chemical bonds. Heterolytic cleavages and homolytic cleavages are the foremost types of bond cleavage.
We can mention homolytic cleavage as hemolysis. In this form of bond fission, the dissociation of a particular molecule where in one electron is reminisced by every original remains of the molecule. So, the molecule that is neutrally charged is made to go through homolytic fission, we obtain two free radicals as the products. The term homolytic fission signifies equal breaking. In organic chemistry, homolytic cleavage of a covalent bond having carbon in a reaction takes place only under some certain conditions. The criteria for homolytic cleavage are:
The two atoms that are attached should contain a small electronegativity difference that is the bond present between two atoms should be nonpolar.
The reaction mixture must show the presence of free radical initiators. Some of the examples of free radical initiators are peroxides, mediums which are non-polar, extreme temperature and light.

Note: We can remember the initiators of homolytic fission as HELPR. H stands for heat, E stands for electricity, L stands for Light, P stands for peroxide, and R stands for radicals. We can call energy that is mandatory to initiate the homolytic fission in a molecule as homolytic bond dissociation energy. The homolytic fission of a molecule is started by a huge quantity of energy.