Question

Write limitations of cyclotron.

Answer 1

To solve this question we have to know about cyclotrons. We know that a cyclotron is a machine that speeds up charged particles or particles to high energies. It was developed to explore the atomic construction by E.O Lawrence and M.S Livingston. Both electric and attractive fields are utilized in the cyclotron to build the energy of the charged particles. As both the fields are opposite to one another, they are called cross fields.

Complete answer:
We know that, in a cyclotron, charged particles speed up outwards from the middle along a twisting way. These particles are held to a twisting direction by a static attractive field and sped up by a quickly differing electric field. A cyclotron speeds up a charged molecule shaft utilizing a high recurrence substituting voltage which is applied between two empty "D"- formed sheet metal anodes known as the "dees" inside a vacuum chamber.

The limitations of cyclotron are:
-Maintaining a uniform magnetic field over a large area of the Ds is difficult.
-At high velocities, relativistic variation of mass of the particle upsets the resonance condition.
-At high frequencies, relativistic variation of mass of the electron is appreciable and hence electrons cannot be accelerated by cyclotron.

Note: We also know that the theory of cyclotron is based on the interaction of a charged particle with electric and magnetic fields. In a cyclotron, a charged particle is accelerated with a spiral path under the action of a static magnetic field and an alternative electric field. It is very simple to show that the period of the circular motion of a charge within a magnetic field does not depend on the radius of the trajectory.