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Question: Write chemical equations for the following reactions: \({\rm I})\) Reaction between gallium \(({\r...

Write chemical equations for the following reactions:
I){\rm I}) Reaction between gallium (III)({\rm I}{\rm I}{\rm I}) oxide and dilute nitric acid to form salt and water only.
II){\rm I}{\rm I}) Reaction between gallium (III)({\rm I}{\rm I}{\rm I}) oxide and sodium hydroxide solution forms only water and a salt containing the negative ion Ga2O42−G{a_2}{O_4}^{2 - }

Explanation

Solution

Find out the charge on Gallium in the given reactants. Both the reactions are displacement reactions so the Oxygen in gallium (III)({\rm I}{\rm I}{\rm I}) oxide is replaced by another element from the second reactant. One of the products is already given as water so the salt can be found accordingly.

Complete answer:
I){\rm I}) In this reaction, gallium (III)({\rm I}{\rm I}{\rm I}) oxide and dilute nitric acid are given to us as reactants and the products are a salt and water. If we consider the unknown salt to be XX then the equation would be
Ga2O3+HNO3→X+H2OG{a_2}{O_3} + HN{O_3} \to X + {H_2}O
Now, from this equation we know that the charge on Gallium is +3 + 3 and hence we can conclude that XX is Ga(NO3)3Ga{\left( {N{O_3}} \right)_3} and the equation would be
Ga2O3+HNO3→Ga(NO3)3+H2OG{a_2}{O_3} + HN{O_3} \to Ga{\left( {N{O_3}} \right)_3} + {H_2}O
Balancing the equation:
Ga2O3+6HNO3→2Ga(NO3)3+3H2OG{a_2}{O_3} + 6HN{O_3} \to 2Ga{\left( {N{O_3}} \right)_3} + 3{H_2}O

II){\rm I}{\rm I}) The reactants given to us are Ga2O3G{a_2}{O_3} and NaOHNaOH and the products are water and a salt containing Ga2O42−G{a_2}{O_4}^{2 - } , let us consider the unknown salt to be XX
Ga2O3+NaOH→X+H2OG{a_2}{O_3} + NaOH \to X + {H_2}O
From the given information we can say that the salt is Na2Ga2O4N{a_2}G{a_2}{O_4} since it is a displacement reaction.
The equation would become Ga2O3+NaOH→Na2Ga2O4+H2OG{a_2}{O_3} + NaOH \to N{a_2}G{a_2}{O_4} + {H_2}O
Balanced equation is given as Ga2O3+2NaOH→2NaGaO2+H2OG{a_2}{O_3} + 2NaOH \to 2NaGa{O_2} + {H_2}O

Additional Information:
Gallium (III)({\rm I}{\rm I}{\rm I}) trioxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Ga2O3G{a_2}{O_3} . It is an amphoteric substance and also dissolves in strong alkali. It is studied in the use of phosphors, lasers, luminescent materials etc.

Note:
The charge on gallium in the given reactants is three. Hence during the displacement reaction, the three oxygen atoms attached to gallium are replaced with the ions of other given reactant molecules forming water molecules and a salt as products.