Question

Write any four importance of tissue culture.

Answer 1

The growth of cells or tissues in an artificial environment and medium under controlled conditions is called tissue culture.

Complete step by step answer:
The term tissue culture may be defined as the process of growth of differentiating plant parts(explants) under in-vitro(controlled) conditions. It is one of the most widely used methods in biotechnology and plant agriculture for enhancement of efficiency and yield of a particular plant.
Tissue culture is used for the production of genetically modified plants as well. It is also known as micropropagation.
Plant tissue culture has proved to be the best way of crop improvement and is considered as one of the best advancements in plant science. It has various benefits, some of them are;
- It has a high potential of yielding crop plants and ornamental plants. With advances in biotechnology techniques, plant tissue culture helps in crop improvement.
- Creation of any plant species under laboratory conditions has become very easy with the introduction of tissue culture. Based on the explants used, there are various techniques that can be used like organ culture, callus culture, organised organ culture, cell culture, protoplast culture and suspension cultures.
- With only a small amount of plant material(like a cell or protoplast of the cell) an entire plant can be grown under laboratory conditions. A plant with desired characters can be obtained by coupling tissue culture with recombinant DNA technology. This has also helped in the green revolution and improvement of crop quality and yield.
- Exact copies of the desired plant can be created very quickly. Tissue culture is cost effective and gives satisfactory results. The process is independent of seasons and the plantlets produced are most likely to be virus and bacteria free.

Note: Tissue culture has various benefits over conventional methods of vegetative propagation. Although very precise laboratory conditions are to be maintained. It is a scientific marvel as it has the capability of eradicating crop based issues.