Question

Write a short note on surface wave propagation of electromagnetic waves.

Answer 1

The movement of waves near the ground layer of the universe in the form of electromagnetic waves has been the basic idea of telecommunication in the era of modernisation.

Complete step by step solution:
Many waves propagate nearer to the surface of earth which mostly differ with respect to their frequencies and wavelengths. Those are audible are the sound waves in the audible range and those are visible are the ones in visible range.
A surface wave is a mechanical wave which propagates and flows along the phase between the differing medium. Seismology is the study of waves in which several waves are recorded.
Surface waves travel around the globe. Waves travel from one point to another each having a medium to record the travelling time and the span. From the transmitting antenna, radio waves propagate over the surface of earth to reach its receiving antenna.
Electromagnetic waves which are perpendicular and can be polarised vertically, travel in this manner. This is called surface wave propagation or ground wave propagation.
The perpendicular wave coming from some media gets short circuited with the horizontal component of the electric field which is in contact with the surface of earth. Induction of current takes place by radio waves on the surface.
There is partial absorption of energy by the ground so there is loss in power during signalling. This is due to the effect of diffraction.

Note: The absorption is high for high frequency waves. Thus, low or medium frequency waves are used for ground propagation during local broadcasting.