Question

Write a short note on catenation.

Answer 1

The self-linking of atoms of an element to form chains and rings is known as Catenation. The formation of layers like 2-dimensional catenation and space lattices like 3-dimensional catenation can be included. The most common examples of catenation are Carbon, Silicon, Sulphur, Boron and among them, Carbon shows the catenation to maximum extent.

Complete step by step solution:
- Catenation is the binding of an element to itself through covalent bonds to form ring or chain molecules. For example, Carbon is the most common element that exhibits the property of catenation to maximum extent. It is capable of forming long hydrocarbon chains and rings like benzene. Catenation of chemical bonds leads to the formation of inorganic polymers.
- However, inorganic polymers are mostly solids in the form of crystals. Some inorganic polymers are graphite, silicates, diamond, and other solids in which all atoms are connected by covalent bonds.
- Carbon atom bonds with another carbon atom to form a single large structure or chain. This property of interconnecting $C - C$ bonds is called catenation or self-linking property. The carbon chains can be unending, they can be straight or branched forming large molecules. The catenation can also be defined as, "The property of direct bonding between atoms of the same element to form a chain".

The ability of carbon to form bonds in so many ways made it an adaptable element. Therefore, Carbon can:
a)Show catenation.
b)Form largest number of compounds.
c)To various types of bonds made it a versatile element.

Note: The catenation tendency decreases down the group because the atomic size increases down the group and the strength of the covalent bond decreases and that is the reason why the catenation property decreases down the group.