Question

Write a brief note on hormone regulation of spermatogenesis.

Answer 1

In the seminiferous tubules of the testis, spermatogenesis is the mechanism by which haploid spermatozoa grow from germ cells. The mitotic division of the stem cells located near the basement membrane of the tubules begins with this process. Spermatogonia stem cells are called these cells.

Complete answer:
1.Between species, hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis varies. The processes are not fully understood in humans. However, due to the involvement of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and Leydig cells, it is understood that initiation of spermatogenesis occurs at puberty.
2.When the pituitary gland is removed, the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone will still initiate spermatogenesis.
3.Normal testicular function is dependent on hormones that work both in vivo and in vitro via endocrine and paracrine pathways. Sertoli cells provide the requisite factors for spermatogonia's efficient progression into spermatozoa.
4.Sertoli cells have follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone receptors, which are the primary spermatogenesis hormonal regulators.
5.It is understood that hormones such as testosterone, FSH, and luteinizing hormone (LH) affect the fate of germ cells. Their elimination causes apoptosis of germ cells.
6.Rodent model studies indicate that gonadotropin hormones (both LH and FSH) help the spermatogenesis process by suppressing proapoptotic signals and thereby facilitating the survival of spermatogenic cells.
7.Sections of spermatogenesis are regulated by the Sertoli cells themselves by hormone development. The hormones estradiol and inhibin are capable of producing them. Besides their key product, testosterone, the Leydig cells are also capable of producing estradiol.

A.Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Until travelling to the pituitary gland, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is primarily developed in the preoptic region of the hypothalamus. The synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins, FSH, and luteinizing hormone (LH) is stimulated there.

B.Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
The anterior pituitary gland produces the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). For spermatozoa maturation, its presence in males is important. The follicle-stimulating hormone induces both the development by Sertoli cells of androgen-binding protein and the blood-testis barrier formation. By preventing type A spermatogonia apoptosis, increasing the levels of FSH increases the development of spermatozoa.

C.Luteinizing Hormone
The anterior pituitary gland produces the luteinizing hormone (LH). LH binds to receptors on Leydig cells in the testicles, which induces testosterone synthesis and secretion.

D.Testosterone
The interstitial cells of the testicles contain testosterone. This activates the sex drive and is correlated with crime. To concentrate testosterone at levels high enough to induce and sustain spermatogenesis, which can be 20-50 times higher than the concentration present in the blood, androgen-binding protein is critical. FSH is triggered by the sequestering of testosterone in the testes, and only testosterone is needed to sustain spermatogenesis.

E.Inhibin
Inhibin is secreted by the cells of Sertoli and works to decrease FSH levels. Where the sperm count is too high, the hormone is released into the bloodstream.

Note: The association between hormones from the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary with hormones from reproductive tissues and organs regulates the human male and female reproductive cycles.