Question

Wings of butterfly and wings of birds are examples for
A.Vestigial organs
B.Analogous organs
C.Homologous organs
D.Atavistic organs

Answer 1

When the similarity is shared between the common ancestor between the pair of structures and genes of the different taxa is called homology. Wings of the birds and bats, arms of the primates, whales consisting of front flippers, primates with their arms, four-legged vertebrates like crocodiles, and dogs are the most common examples of the homologous structures that are derived from tetrapod ancestor structure.

Complete answer: When the two structures are having the same functions with different evolutionary parts they are considered to be analogous according to the anatomy of the parts. The most common examples are insect legs and vertebrates’ legs. Convergent evolution results in analogous structures that should be contrasted with analogous structures.
The opposite of homologous organs is analogous organs which do similar jobs in two taxa that were not present in their most recent common ancestor but rather evolved separately. For example, the evolution of wings for birds and insects is obtained independently in several wide groups but converged functionally to the same process of flight so they are said to be analogous. In the same way, wings of bird and maple seed sycamore are analogous but not homologous because of the development in different structures. An analogy is called homoplasy in cladistics, and convergent or parallel evolution in evolutionary biology.
Hence, the correct option is (B) Analogous organs

Note: Pterosaur, bird, and bat wings are analogous as wings, but homologous as forelimbs because the organ served as a forearm (not a wing) in the last common ancestor of tetrapods through which they are evolved in the three different groups so that in pterosaurs wing present involves both forelimb and hind limb. An analogy is called homoplasy in cladistics, and convergent or parallel evolution in evolutionary biology.