Question

Why is the dipole moment of benzene zero?

Answer 1

Hint : A dipole moment occurs in any system where there is charge separation. As a result, they can form in both ionic and covalent bonds. Dipole moments occur as a result of an electronegativity difference between two chemically bonded atoms.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
A bond dipole moment quantifies the polarity of a chemical bond formed by two atoms in a molecule. It makes use of the concept of the electric dipole moment, which is a measure of the separation of negative and positive charges in a system.
-The dipole moment of a single bond in a polyatomic molecule is known as the bond dipole moment, and it differs from the molecule's overall dipole moment.
-It is a vector quantity, which means it has both magnitude and definite directions.
-Because it is a vector quantity, it can also be zero because the two opposing bond dipoles can cancel each other out.
-The dipole moment is represented in chemistry by a slight variation of the arrow symbol. It's represented by a cross in the positive center and an arrowhead in the negative center. This arrow represents the molecule's shift in electron density.
A dipole moment occurs in any system where there is charge separation. It can be found in both ionic and covalent bonds. Dipole moments form as a result of the difference in electronegativity between two chemically bound atoms.
Benzene has a dipole moment of zero. Asymmetric or different electro-negativities characterize molecules with a dipole moment. Because carbon and hydrogen in benzene molecules have distinct electronegativities, the molecule has a symmetrical planar structure. It has six $C-H$ bonds, or dipole moments, that cancel out one another, so the net dipole moment is zero because all individual dipoles cancel out.
Thus, the dipole moment of benzene zero.

Note :
There is more than one bond in polyatomic molecules. The vector sum of the individual bond dipole moments can be used to approximate the total molecular dipole moment. Bond dipoles are frequently obtained by reversing the process: a known total dipole of a molecule can be decomposed into bond dipoles. This is done to transfer bond dipole moments to molecules that have the same bonds but have a different total charge.