Question

Why does water have a higher boiling point than alcohol? At what temperature in kelvin, it can be changed into solid state and into vapors?

Answer 1

Water is a chemical compound with the formula of ${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}$. In this formula the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is ${\text{2:1}}$. Water can exist as liquid, solid, gas. When water get heated up to boiling it converted in to vapor from liquid and at ${{\text{0}}^{\text{o}}}{\text{C}}$ water get converted into ice.
Complete step by step answer:
Alcohol is an organic compound in which the hydroxyl group is bound with a saturated carbon atom. Due to the presence of hydroxyl group alcohols can form intermolecular hydrogen bonding. This results in an increase of effective molecular mass. Therefore, the heat required to boil alcohols is greater than that of its corresponding hydrocarbon. The hydrogen bonding in alcohols shown below,

On the other hand, water can form hydrogen bonds too. But due to the presence of two hydrogen atoms attached with the oxygen of water it can form hydrogen bonds greater in number than alcohols. As a result the temperature of boiling of water is also greater in case of water than that of alcohols. The hydrogen bonding in water shown below

At the temperature of ${\text{273K}}$ water can be changed into solid state and at ${\text{373K}}$ water can be changed into vapors.

Note:
The maximum density of water is ${\text{1gm/c}}{{\text{m}}^3}$at ${4^{\text{o}}}{\text{C}}$. When the temperature is either lower or higher than ${4^{\text{o}}}{\text{C}}$ the density of the water changes from${\text{1gm/c}}{{\text{m}}^3}$and becomes lower. Among alcohols phenol shows acidic nature, as its corresponding conjugate base get stability by conjugation of the negative charge with the benzene ring.