Question

Why do people in villages use earthen pots in summer to cool water?

Answer 1

As a household "water storage cooler," clay pots are utilised all throughout the Indian subcontinent. They are created by combining two types of mud clay: the first is obtained from the earth's surface, while the second is dug more than 10 feet into the ground. Making a matka requires a significant amount of time. It'll take at least 8 days to complete. The clay is combined with water, moulded, polished, dried, and cooked for five days in a kiln. Finally, it is transformed into a finished eastern earthen pot, a household water cooler. In modern India, earthen pots have been modernised with the addition of taps for the convenience of the people.

Complete answer:
Clay is a fine-grained natural soil material that is rich in clay minerals. When wet, clays become flexible due to a molecular layer of water around the clay particles, but when dry or fired, they become hard, brittle, and non–plastic. The majority of pure clay minerals are white or light-colored, however impurities can give natural clays a range of colours, such as a reddish or brownish colour from tiny quantities of iron oxide.
Evaporative cooling is used in the cooling process. Capillary motion causes water to evaporate from the pot's mini-pores, absorbing heat from the water within and cooling it to a temperature lower than the ambient temperature. As a result, it is only used in the summer and not in the winter.
The rate of evaporation increases as the temperature rises in the summer. Earthen pots are constructed of clay with many minute pores. Because water may flow through the pores by capillary action, the rate of evaporation is increased. The heat energy exits the pots in the form of kinetic energy of the evaporated water as the rate of evaporation increases.
As a result, the inside of the pot stays cool, and the leftover water stays cool. As a result, in the heat, people in villages use earthen pots to chill the water.

Note:
Other air conditioning methods require vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycles, whereas evaporative cooling does not. Evaporative cooling makes use of the fact that water absorbs a lot of heat in order to evaporate (that is, it has a large enthalpy of vaporization). The phase change of liquid water to water vapour can dramatically lower the temperature of dry air (evaporation).