Question

Why are S block elements soft metals?

Answer 1

Every element in the periodic table has a unique electronic configuration. The elements having valence shell configuration of $n{s^{1\;}}$ and $n{s^2}$ are known as S block elements. So, we will observe the properties of these elements to get the answer.

Complete answer:
Since the maximum capacity of the S-suborbital is two, hence there are only two groups in the S-block. The first group is known as Alkali metals having valence shell configuration, $n{s^{1\;}}$ and the second group is known as Alkaline earth metals they have valence shell configuration of $n{s^2}$ .
There are a total of $14$ elements in the S-block. Due to their bigger size and bigger atomic radii, these elements have low ionization enthalpy, and these elements are highly electropositive in nature. These elements are highly reactive, they react quickly to form compounds, and they show fixed valency of one or two based on the electrons lost. These elements possess a strong reducing character due to the high negative electrode potential value.
These elements have a very low boiling point as well as very low melting that is why these elements are called soft metals. Elements belonging to the Alkali metals group are so soft that they can be cut by a knife. These elements are very good conductors of heat and electricity because due to their large atomic radii, the electrons are weakly attracted, and they can move freely.

Note:
Except for Beryllium and Magnesium, all of these elements have characteristics of flame color. They are highly reactive towards the water. They quickly form alkalis as a product and release Hydrogen gas in reaction with water.