Question

Who raised the callus culture the first time?
(A) Haberlandt
(B) Steward
(C) P.P.White
(D) Muir

Answer 1

The plant tissue culture is the technique in which the plants cells or tissues are grown under sterile conditions by the application of the nutrient growth medium. The small irregular and undifferentiated group of cells formed from the single cell is called callus.

Complete answer:
In this process of plant tissue culture, it is possible to grow the whole plant from the single cell. The cytokinin and the auxin are responsible for the morphogenesis of the plant. In altering these plant hormones, callus can be regenerated into the plant. Then this callus uses the nutrients from the agar solution and differentiates into the stem, root and the leaves.
Gobier Haberlandt was the Austrian botanist who was the first one to raise the callus culture. He presented the callus culture in the year 1902 by the name totipotentiality. After that, Frederick Campion Steward, the botanist from Cornell university discovered the micro propagation of the callus and also gave an idea about the plant tissue culture in the later part of the 1950 . Then the P.P White proposed the idea about the white basal medium. Muir is the scientist who did his research in plant tissue culture. He is famous for the separation of the individual cells from the suspension medium.

Hence the correct answer is option(A)

Note: The plant tissue culture developed by all these scientists is useful in the field of horticulture, agriculture, forestry etc. This also helps in producing the large number of identical individuals from the single meristematic cell culture. This is used for the commercial plant production in the potting, landscape etc.