Question

Who is called the father of endocrinology?
A. Whittaker
B. Einthoven
C. Pasteur
D. T. Addison

Answer 1

Endocrinology is the study of the endocrine system in the human body. This system secretes hormones (which are chemical substances) into the blood and these hormones carried to the target cell by the blood.

Complete step by step answer: The endocrine system has six major glands –
Thyroid gland: It is present in the front part of the lower neck. It produces hormones- thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine. These hormones control the burning energy of the cell during cell metabolism.
Pituitary gland: It is situated at the base of the brain. It is also known as “master gland.” It secretes growth hormones and prolactin (activates milk production).
Adrenal gland: These are 2 in number and present on the top of each kidney. It has two parts –
Adrenal cortex (secretes corticosteroids) control salt-water balance.
Adrenal medulla (secretes epinephrine) increases blood pressure under stress conditions.
Pineal gland: It rests in the middle of the brain and secretes melatonin which helps to regulate sleep.
Pancreas: It produces insulin and glucagon which control glucose level in the blood.
Reproductive glands: It includes-
Testes (male gonads) present in the scrotum, secretes testosterone and androgen helps to develop sex organs.
Ovaries (female gonad) present in pelvis, secretes estrogen and progesterone for sex organs development.

The correct answer is option D i.e., T. Addison.

Additional information: Multiple hormones may be secreted by a single gland which reflects the different types of endocrine cells in the same gland.

Note: Some other glands are – Hypothalamus (controls release of hormones), Parathyroid (secretes parathyroid regulates Calcium concentration) and Thymus gland (forms T-cells and improves immune system).