Question

Who had proposed the chromosomal theory of the inheritance?

Answer 1

The science is primarily concerned with precise understanding of biological properties which are transmitted from parent to offspring is Genetics.

Complete answer:
Chromosomes may be a thread-like structure within the nucleus of a cell formed of DNA which carries genes. A gene is a unit of DNA on a chromosome which governs the synthesis of 1 protein that controls a selected characteristic or traits from parents to their offspring during reproduction.
In 1902, T Boveri observed that proper embryonic development of sea urchins doesn't occur unless chromosomes are present. In the same year, Sutton observed separation of chromosomes into daughter cells during the process of meiosis. Together, these observations led to the event of the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance.
This theory of Inheritance was supported by observations:
During meiosis, homologous chromosome pairs migrate as discrete structures that are independent of other chromosome pairs.
The sorting of chromosomes from each homologous pair into pre-gametes appears to be random.
Each parent synthesizes gametes that contain only half their chromosomal complement.
Even though male and feminine gametes (sperm and egg) differ in size and morphology, they need the identical number of chromosomes, suggesting equal genetic contributions from each parent.
The gametic chromosomes combine during fertilization to provide offspring with the identical chromosome number as their parents.

Thomas Hunt Morgan, who studied fruit flies, provided the primary strong confirmation of the chromosome theory.
Morgan discovered a mutation that affected fly eye color. He observed that the mutation was inherited differently by male and feminine flies.
Based on the inheritance pattern, Morgan concluded that the attention color gene must be located on the X chromosome.

Therefore, Theodor Boveri and Walter Sutton gave the chromosomal theory of inheritance.

Note: We can also conclude that the chromosome theory of inheritance wasn't the work of one scientist, but rather a collaborative result of multiple researchers. The seeds of this theory were first planted within the 1860s, when monastic and Charles Robert Darwin each proposed possible systems of heredity. Later, following Walther Flemming's discovery of chromosomes and outline of their behavior during mitosis, a probable mechanism for transmission of traits was identified. The concept of a connection between chromosomes and heredity was subsequently strengthened by research conducted by Theodor Boveri and Walter Sutton, but evidence came from Thomas Hunt Morgan's experiments with fruit flies at dawn.