Question

Who discovered that morphogenesis in the culture medium is controlled by hormones?
(a) Muir Et Al
(b) Vasil Hilderbrandt
(c) Skoog and Miller
(d) Halperin anna Wetherell

Answer 1

The experimental team was headed by a person who is remembered as one of the major figures of the twentieth century in plant biology. He also investigated aspects of plant nutrition, the science and art of plant tissue culture were advanced by him. Besides these, he also answered a number of important questions in plant morphogenesis.

Complete answer:
Skoog and Miller discovered that morphogenesis in the culture medium is controlled by hormones.
They found that the addition of auxin( the growth hormones in plants) to the cul­ture medium served to stimulate root formation, whereas it inhibits shoot initiation.
At that time the pre-existing opinion among scientists was that plant growth and morphogenesis are controlled by complex interactions of multiple plant hormones. Miller and Skoog, after the discovery of kinetin, showed that it was possible by manipulating the levels of auxin and cytokinin in the culture medium to control organ formation in tobacco tissue culture.
- Morphogenesis in plants means the origin and development of the physical form and external structure of plants
- Plant hormones might be affecting growth and morphogenesis was first suggested by Skoog with the help of mechanisms associated with nucleic acid metabolism and protein synthesis.
- Skoog and Miller published a number of papers relating auxin and cytokinin to cell division, nucleic acid content, and DNA synthesis during the year 1950.
- Subsequent studies done in the Skoog laboratory demonstrated that by sequentially manipulating the medium it is possible to control the formation of organs to a remarkable degree.
- They have successfully done the complete regeneration of whole tobacco plants from undifferentiated callus tissue.
- They also proved that the result of complete regeneration is applicable to a number of other tissue culture systems.
- Their findings are applicable until the date of genetic engineering.

So, the correct answer is, ‘Skoog and Miller’.

Note:
- Skoog and Miller showed that it was possible by manipulating the levels of auxin and cytokinin in the culture medium to control organ formation in tobacco tissue culture.
- Sequentially manipulating the medium it is possible to control the formation of organs to a remarkable degree.
- The complete regeneration of whole tobacco plants from undifferentiated callus tissue was successfully done by them.