Question

Who discovered ‘ribosomes’ in animal cells?
A. Mendel
B. Hooke
C. Mc Carty
D. Claude

Answer 1

The cells perform various types of activities and biological processes. These processes are carried on by the subunits that are present in the cells which are known as the cell organelles. The different types of cell organelles that are found in the cells are mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. Ribosomes are one of the important cell organelles.

Complete answer:
Ribosomes are found in all living cells and act as macromolecular machines. The ribosomes perform important biological processes of protein synthesis through the translation of mRNA. They function in the processing as well as arrangement of the amino acids to form the polypeptide chains of the proteins. The ribosomes are single layered structures that are made up of specialized RNA that are known as ribosomal RNA. The ribosomes are made up of two units known as the smaller subunit and the larger subunit.
The ribosomes were discovered in animal cells by Albert Claude in 1941 and was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1974. He was a well renowned cell biologist and extensively worked on various cell organelles and their mechanism. He discovered ribosomes and called them microsomes through the centrifugation of the cytoplasmic cell organelles and segregating them on the basis of their specific mass.
Robert Hooke was a famous biologist and worked on the field of microbiology and propounded the cell theory. He described cells as tiny boxes like cavities.
Mc Carty along with his fellow workers showed that DNA can transform the properties of cells and clarified the chemical nature of the genes. This principle is known as the transformation principle.
Mendel is known as the father of genetics and proposed the laws of inheritance which showed that the parents transfer the genes that carry the traits to the next generation. His works on the pea plants are the basis of the study of genetics and transferring of characteristics from the parental generation to the next generation.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Note: The ribosomes were discovered in the animal cells as microsomes by Claude in 1941. He named them microsomes. Ribosomes are single layered cell organelles that play an important part in the process of protein synthesis. They act in the translation of the mRNA formed in the process of transcription and formation as well as arrangement of the amino acids to form proteins.