Question

Who discovered DNA fingerprinting?
A.Alec Jeffrey
B.Jacob Monod
C.Herbert Boyer
D.Stanley Cohen

Answer 1

DNA fingerprinting is a technique that helps to determine an individual’s DNA characteristics. It is based on the principle that although 99.9% DNA is the same of all individuals there are enough differences that help in identifying one individual from another.

Complete answer:
The technique of DNA fingerprinting was discovered by Alec Jeffrey in late 1984. The technique comprises several steps, the first one is sample preparation. Samples are collected from the individual, samples may include blood, saliva, semen, vaginal lubrication or any other personalised items such as toothbrush or razor. This is followed by extraction of the DNA from the sample that has been collected. For extraction of the DNA the cells need to be broken which allows the DNA to be free in solution, after this the separated from other cellular components and the remaining cellular debris is removed leaving the DNA in solution. Next the DNA is cut using restriction enzymes that results in the fragmentation of the DNA. These fragments are separated by electrophoresis following transfer to the membrane. Then a radiolabeled probe is hybridised on the membrane and the binding pattern can be observed using an X Ray film.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A)

Note: DNA fingerprinting is a very important forensic tool that is widely used for criminal investigations most often to find out the criminal with the help of DNA found at the crime scene. It is also used in parentage testing, in genealogical and medical research purposes.