Question

Which substance does not dissolve well in water?
(A) $N{H_3}$
(B) ${C_4}{H_{10}}$
(C) ${C_{12}}{H_{22}}{O_{11}}$
(D) ${H_2}S{O_4}$

Answer 1

For problems related to dissolution, one must consider whether the solute and the solvent are polar or nonpolar. Because, as like attracts like, polar solutes are attracted by polar solvents And similarly, non-polar solutes are attracted by non-polar solvents. i.e. their tendency to dissolve in a solvent having similar polarity is more.

Complete step by step answer:
First, let’s consider the polarity of all the molecules given
A water molecule consists of 1 hydrogen and 2 oxygen atoms. They are bonded by covalent bonding and due to unequal sharing of electrons, there is a partial negative and partial positive charge on the molecule. This results in water molecules being polar.
In ammonia, there is trigonal pyramid geometry and a lone pair of electrons.
Hence, ammonia is a polar molecule.
Butane does not form hydrogen bonds and is a nonpolar molecule.
Butane cannot react with water by any means.
Sucrose molecules are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen bonds. It has a slightly negative and positive charge. Hence, is a polar molecule.
Sulphuric acid consists of one sulphur atom, four oxygen atoms, and two hydrogen atoms. Hence, there is a partial negative and positive charge. So, sulphuric acid is a polar molecule.
Therefore, the compound that will not dissolve in water will be butane as butane is non-polar whereas water is polar.

So, the correct answer is Option B .

Note: Dissolution is defined as the process in which gaseous, liquid, or solid solutes dissolve in a solvent to form the solution.A solute is defined as a substance in lesser concentration than solvent, which is dissolved in a solvent to create a solutionSimilarly, a solvent is a substance in greater concentration compared to the solute, which dissolves the solute in itself to form a solution.
Solute $+$ solvent $=$ solution