Question

Which separation techniques will you apply for the separation of the following?

1. Sodium chloride from its solution in water.
2. Ammonium chloride from a mixture containing sodium chloride and ammonium chloride.
3. Small pieces of metals in the engine oil of a car.
4. Different pigments from an extract of flower petals.
5. Butter from curd.
6. Oil from water
7. Tea leaves from tea.
8. Iron pins from sand.
9. Wheat grains from husk.
10. Fine mud particles suspended in water.

Answer 1

We need to know that the solute and the solvent affect the properties of the solution. Depend on the state of solute and solvent, the solution will be classified as two types. There are homogeneous solutions and heterogeneous solutions. In homogeneous solution only one phase and heterogeneous solution more than one phase in solution. Depending on the solubility of solute in solvent, solution will be classified as three types. There are supersaturated solutions, saturated solutions and unsaturated solutions.

Complete answer:
The separation techniques for the given condition are given below,

1. The separation techniques for sodium chloride from its solution in water by evaporation process.
2. The separation techniques for ammonium chloride from a mixture containing sodium chloride and ammonium chloride by sublimation process.
3. The separation techniques for small pieces of metals in the engine oil of a car by filtration process.
4. The separation techniques for different pigments from an extract of flower petals by the chromatography process.
5. The separation techniques for butter from curd by the centrifugation process.
6. The separation techniques for oil from water by separating funnels.
7. The separation techniques for tea leaves from tea by filtration process.
8. The separation techniques for iron pins from sand magnetic separation process.
9. The separation techniques for wheat grains from husk by winnowing process.
10. The separation techniques for fine mud particles suspended in water by sedimentation followed a filtration process.

Note:
We have to know that the nature of the solute and the solvent affect the properties of the solution. These affecting properties of the solution by addition of solute in the solution is known as colligative property. There are four major colligative properties for an ideal solution. There are relative lowering vapour pressure of the solution after addition of solute, the elevation of boiling point of the solution after addition of the solute, the depression of freezing point of the solution after addition of solute and the osmotic pressure of the solution. The above mentioned properties are caused due to the addition of solute in solution.