Question

Which one of the following techniques made it possible to genetically engineer a living organism
A. Recombinant DNA techniques
B. X-ray diffraction
C. Heavier isotope labeling
D. Hybridization

Answer 1

Genetic engineering, additionally referred to as genetic modification which is also known as genetic manipulation, is the process of making direct manipulation in an organism's genes by making use of biotechnology.

Complete step by step answer: Genetic engineering, additionally called DNA technology, suggests neutering or altering the genes in a very living organism to provide a genetically modified organism (GMO) with a replaced or new genotype. Various factor modifications are possible like inserting a foreign gene from one species into another, forming a transgenic organism; altering an associate existing factor so that its product is changed, or by making changes in the gene expression so that it's translated more or not at all. As we have learned from Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen we’re the one to further introduce Recombinant DNA and transfer it into a bacterium. So it was the first genetically changed organism wherein they inserted antibiotic factor (Kanamycin gene) from Salmonella typhi & inserted pSC101 (cellular inclusion) plasmid. For the first time (in 1972), Paul Berg used restriction enzymes and deoxyribonucleic acid ligases to form 1st recombinant DNA molecules wherein he combined deoxyribonucleic acid of monkey virus SV40 and Lambda virus.
Let us take a look at all the options to get the appropriate answer,
-Recombinant DNA molecules are DNA molecules that are synthesized by laboratory ways of genetic recombination to assemble genetic material from multiple sources, this is done to create sequences that may not preferably be found in biological organisms. It’s done by the method of recombinant DNA techniques.
-Rosalind Franklin and Francis Wilkins worked on DNA by applying X-ray crystallography to find out information about its structural properties. Their experiment concluded that DNA has a double helix structure.
-Isotopic labeling may be defined as a technique accustomed to track the passage of atoms through a reaction, metabolic pathway, or cell. The chemical is 'labeled' by exchange specific atoms by their atom. The chemical is then allowed to endure the reaction. Reaction mechanisms are with the help of isotopic labeling.
-The crossing between two totally genetically different plants to obtain a new variety of species is named hybridization. Genetically modified crops are often created by inserting genes of desired traits by the method of hybridization.
Hence the correct answer is option A -Recombinant DNA technique.

Note: The production of transgenic or genetically changed crops offers a lot of yields and disease resistance. Production of transgenic animals with a lot of quantity of milk and meat production or production of microorganisms which might act as decomposers of chemicals are few examples of recombinant DNA technique.