Question

Which one of the following scientists got the Nobel Prize for his invention polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
A. F. Sanger
B. Paul Berg
C. Alec Jeffreys
D. Kary B. Mullis

Answer 1

For making extra copies of a DNA segment, polymerase chain reaction or PCR is being used. It is a traditional clinical and laboratory technique that is based on thermal cycling. Reactants are subject to heating and cooling processes that are continuous.

Complete answer: It is a method used in molecular biology to create several copies of small pieces of DNA since it is possible to produce thousands to millions of copies of DNA from only a small amount of DNA because of this. This approach is used in different methods, such as DNA sequencing, DNA isolation or cloning, DNA sampling, etc. DNA polymerase is based on it. Using enzymatic reactions, this in vitro approach is used to amplify several double-stranded DNA molecules of the same size and sequence.
Steps of PCR are as follows: -
1. Denaturation of DNA template
2. Annealing
3. Extension of DNA molecules.
Chemical components of PCR include Magnesium chloride with PH-8.3 to 8.8 buffer, DNA polymerase enzyme with Target DNA. Applications of PCR are in HIV-1, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Kary Mullis is a biochemist who is known to be awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize for his Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) discovery, PCR is a method being used in AIDS experiments.
Hence, the correct answer is Option D

Note: Single strand DNA fragments called oligonucleotides, which are the complementary sequence to the target DNA region, and a DNA polymerase such as Taq polymerase, are two key reagents of PCR, and also the enzyme ought to be heat stable to avoid excessive temperature denaturation.