Chemistry Question on Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Question

Which one of the following produces acyl halide by treatment with ${PCl_5}$ ?

Answer 1

Solution

Acid chlorides would be created in the products of the reaction of PCl5 with the specified acid. The common term for acyl halide, when chlorine is the halogen, is acid chloride.

There are other comparable compounds where the acid's -OH group is switched out for another one, leaving the acyl carbon in a +3 oxidation state. These substances are referred to as acid derivatives. One type of acid derivative is acyl halides, also referred to as acid halides. The most typical acid halide, chlorine, has been utilized in place of the -OH group in this case.

A hydrocarbon group called the acyl group is joined to a carbon-oxygen double bond.

Typically, only alkyl groups are allowed to have the "R" group. But it may be a group built around a benzene ring.

A few examples are– ethanoyl chloride (CH3COCl), and propanoyl chloride (CH3CH2COCl).

An acyl halide, like ethanoyl chloride, is a fuming, colourless liquid. Ethanoyl chloride has a strong odour that is a combination of the acidic odour of vinegar (ethanoic acid) and the pungent odour of hydrogen chloride gas.

As they react with water to form hydrogen halides and carboxylic acids, acyl halides do not dissolve in water.
A common example is ethanoyl chloride, which is a polar molecule and boils at 51°C.
As a result, it has van der Waals dispersion forces as well as the dipole-dipole attraction between its molecules.
It does not, however, create hydrogen bonds.
As a result, it has a higher boiling point than an alkane of comparable size like ethane, which boils at -88.5°C, but not as high as alcohol of comparable size like ethanol, which boils at 78.37°C.
As acyl halides are so reactive, another functional group always takes the place of the halogen atom in each of their reactions.