Question

Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
A. Anaphase I - Homologous chromosomes are separated
B. Metaphase I - Pairing of maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes takes place
C. Interphase - A nuclear envelope encloses each haploid set of chromosomes
D. Prophase I - Non-homologous chromosomes are separated

Answer 1

A parent cell splits into two or more daughter cells in the process of cell division. Normally, cell division happens as part of a broader cell cycle. In eukaryotes, there are two forms of cell division: vegetative cell division (mitosis), in which each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell, and reproductive cell division (haploid gametes), in which the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is decreased by half (meiosis).

Complete Answer:
Meiosis is a form of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing animals' germ cells and is utilized to create gametes such as sperm and egg cells. It takes two rounds of division to produce four cells, each with only one copy of each chromosome (haploid). Additionally, genetic material from the paternal and maternal copies of each chromosome is crossed over before division, resulting in novel code combinations on each chromosome.
A single cell divides twice to produce four haploid daughter cells during meiosis. The gametes — sperm in men and eggs in females – are these cells. The meiosis process is split into two phases. Each step is further split into stages.
Meiosis I:
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Cytokinesis I
Meiosis II:
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
Cytokinesis II
Anaphase I - The sister chromatids split from each other and are pulled to opposing ends of the cell during anaphase. The protein "glue" that connects the sister chromatids is broken down, enabling them to split. Each chromosome is now its entity. Each pair's chromosomes are dragged to opposing ends of the cell.

Thus, Option A: Anaphase I - Homologous chromosomes are separated and correctly matched.

Note:
The preservation of the original cell's genome is the fundamental issue of cell division. The genetic information held in chromosomes must be copied before division can take place, and the duplicated genome must be segregated neatly across cells. Maintaining genetic information consistency between generations necessitates a significant amount of cellular infrastructure.