Question

Which one of the following is now being commercially produced by biotechnological procedures?
A. NIcotine
B. Morphine
C. Quinine
D. Insulin

Answer 1

The goal of the working group "Biotechnological Processes" is to utilise renewable raw materials by applying enzymatic synthesis of bio-based compounds and fermentative production of biocatalysts or other metabolic products, such as organic solvents and acids.

Complete answer:
Biotechnology is a vast field of biology that involves the development or manufacture of items using live systems and creatures. It frequently overlaps with allied scientific fields, depending on the instruments and applications.
Karl Ereky used the word "biotechnology" in 1919 to describe the process of creating goods from raw materials with the help of living organisms.
Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels and is necessary for the body to function properly. Insulin is produced by cells in the pancreas. In reaction to a spike in blood glucose levels, these cells release a little quantity of insulin into the body. The blood glucose level rises every time a person eats. As a result, increased blood glucose tells the pancreatic cells to release the required amount of insulin.
Insulin biotechnology is a technique for manipulating DNA. Genetic engineering is a term used to describe the methods. All living things have the same genetic code, which is called DNA. When genes from one organism are transferred to another, they can be transcribed and translated.
Human and other genes, for example, are commonly inserted into bacteria in order to generate compounds for medical and commercial purposes. Bacteria generate human insulin, human growth hormone, and vaccinations.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Note: In 1982, human insulin became the first recombinant biopharmaceutical to receive FDA approval in the United States. Protein products that were approved for use in humans before that were taken from natural sources. As a result, the development of novel biopharmaceuticals proceeded at a slow pace.