Question

Which one of the following is not a pharmaceutical product obtained through biotechnology?
A. Human insulin
B. Human growth hormone
C. Clotting factor
D. Cholecystokinin

Answer 1

Biotechnology is a technology which utilizes biological systems, living organisms, or parts of them to grow or create different products. Biotechnology has applications in four major industrial sectors, including health or medical sector, crop production and agricultural sector, the use of non-food crops or industrial sector and other products such as biodegradable plastics, vegetable oils, biofuels and environmental use.

Complete answer:
Option A Human insulin: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels. An American company Eli Lilly produced the first genetically modified insulin. First, they synthesized two DNA sequences corresponding to insulin sequences A and B. These two DNA sequences or genes were then fused with Escherichia coli plasmids and then allowed to form insulin chains. Since human insulin can be obtained through biotechnology processes.
So, option A is not correct.
Option B Human growth hormone: growth hormone or HGH is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates tissue growth. The HGH gene was isolated and an artificial cDNA gene was introduced into Escherichia coli. A single sequence induces not only gene translation, but also cellular protein secretion, which significantly facilitates hormone clearance. HGH is manufactured by Genentech company.
Option B is incorrect.
Option C Clotting factor: Coagulation factors are necessary for blood to clot. Using recombinant DNA technology, human clotting factor VIII has been produced from cultured mammalian cells and is used to treat hemophilia, a disease in which blood does not clot. due to the absence of clotting factors.
Option C is incorrect.
Option D Cholecystokinin: Cholecystokinin is a hormone secreted by the duodenum, which contracts the pancreas and stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice in the duodenum. This hormone is not produced by genetic engineering.
Option D is correct.

Hence, Option D) Cholecystokinin is the correct answer.

Note:
Pharmaceutical biotechnology is a young and rapidly expanding discipline in which biotechnology principles are applied to drug development. The majority of therapeutic drugs on the market today are bio-formulations, such as antibodies, nucleic acid products, and vaccines. Biotechnology has helped the pharmaceutical industry to develop better processes, new products and also develop new technologies to improve existing methods.