Question

Which of these organs accumulate and release neurohormones?
A. Posterior pituitary
B. Anterior pituitary
C. Anterior lobe of the pituitary
D. Hypothalamus

Answer 1

Neurohormones are the hormones of the brain. They are produced by the neurosecretory cells. Neurohormones act as neurotransmitters also. Some examples of neurohormones are adrenaline, non-adrenaline, vasopressin, and oxytocin, etc.

Complete answer:
Posterior pituitary – The posterior pituitary is also known as Pars nervosa or Neurohypophysis. It comprises twenty-five percent of the pituitary gland. The posterior pituitary does not produce or secrete any hormones of its own. It rather receives the neurohormones that are directly secreted by the neurosecretory cells or the hypothalamic neurons of the hypothalamus. The two hormones secreted by it are oxytocin and vasopressin.
Anterior pituitary – The anterior pituitary is also known as Pars distalis of Adenohypophysis. It produces several hormones like growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, and melanocyte-stimulating hormone.
Anterior lobe of pituitary – The pituitary only has two lobes, the anterior and the posterior lobe of the pituitary. The posterior lobe of the pituitary can be considered as the anterior lobe. The Posterior pituitary is also known as Pars nervosa or Neurohypophysis. It comprises twenty-five percent of the pituitary gland. The posterior pituitary does not produce or secrete any hormones of its own. It rather receives the neurohormones that are directly secreted by the neurosecretory cells or the hypothalamic neurons of the hypothalamus. The two hormones secreted by it are oxytocin and vasopressin.
Hypothalamus – The hypothalamus contains neurosecretory cells called nuclei that produce hormones. The hormones produced and secreted by the hypothalamus control the hormones produced by the pituitary gland. These hormones are known as neurohormones. Some neurohormones are stored in the posterior pituitary gland and released by it.
Thus, based on the above information we can conclude that the hypothalamus organ accumulates and releases neurohormones.
Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Note: The pituitary gland and the hypothalamus have a hypophyseal portal system that conducts the hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. The infundibulum connects the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.