Question

Which of the statements is true for p-type semiconductors?
(A) Electrons are the majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants.
(B) Holes are the majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants.
(C) Holes are the majority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants.
(D) Electrons are the majority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants.

Answer 1

Hint : In order to answer this question, first we will mention the accurate option for the p-type semiconductors, and then we will discuss the reason behind the correct option and we will also explain the p-type semiconductors.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
In a p-type semiconductor hole are the majority carriers and electrons are the minority carriers. It is obtained by using a trivalent dopant.
A p-type semiconductor is created when a trivalent impurity is added to an intrinsic or pure semiconductor (silicon or germanium).
$*$ Trivalent impurities like $Al,{\text{ }}Ga,{\text{ }}In$ etc., are added.
$*$ The density of holes is substantially higher than the density of electrons.
$*$ The extra holes created by the impurity in a p-type semiconductor are known as Acceptor atoms.
Extrinsic p-Type Semiconductors are made when a small amount of a trivalent impurity is added to a pure semiconductor, resulting in a significant number of holes. The addition of trivalent impurities such as Gallium and Indium to the semiconductor material results in a large number of holes. Acceptor Impurities are impurities that make p-type semiconductors because each of their atoms creates one hole that can accept one electron.
Hence, the correct option is (B) Holes are the majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants.

Note :
In a p-type semiconductor, holes are majority carriers, whereas electrons are minority carriers. Boron, gallium, and indium are the three trivalent impurities needed to dope a p-type semiconductor.