Question

Which of the sets of species have the same hybridization state but different shapes?
A.$NO_2^ + ,N{O_2},NO_2^ -$
B.$ClO_4^ - ,S{F_4},Xe{F_4}$
C.$NH_4^ + ,{H_3}{O^ + },O{F_2}$
D.$SO_4^{ - 2},PO_4^{ - 3},ClO_4^ -$

Answer 1

The formation of new hybrid orbital by the mixing of atomic orbital is known as hybridization. And the energy, shape etc. of the hybrid orbital may be different. The hybridization is in different types which is $sp,s{p^2},s{p^3},s{p^2}d$ , etc. In the case of sp hybridization, there is one s orbital and one p orbital. And some compounds have the same hybridization but the shape is different.

Complete answer:
In this case, $NO_2^ + ,N{O_2},NO_2^ -$ have different hybridization as well as different shapes. The hybridization of $NO_2^ + ,N{O_2},NO_2^ -$ is $sp,s{p^2},s{p^2}$ respectively and the shape of $NO_2^ +$ is linear, $N{O_2}$ is bent and $NO_2^ -$ is trigonal planar. Hence, option (A) is incorrect.
The hybridization and shape of $ClO_4^ - ,S{F_4},Xe{F_4}$ is different. The hybridization of $ClO_4^ - ,S{F_4},Xe{F_4}$ is $s{p^3},s{p^3}d,s{p^3}{d^2}$ respectively and the shape of $ClO_4^ -$ is tetrahedral, $S{F_4}$ is trigonal bipyramidal and $Xe{F_4}$ is square planar. Hence, the option (B) is incorrect.
The hybridization of $NH_4^ + ,{H_3}{O^ + },O{F_2}$ is the same but it has different shapes. These all three compounds have $s{p^3}$ hybridization. But the shape of $NH_4^ +$ is tetrahedral, ${H_3}{O^ + }$ is pyramidal and the shape of $O{F_2}$ is bent. Let’s draw the structure of these compounds,

The hybridization and shape of $SO_4^{ - 2},PO_4^{ - 3},ClO_4^ -$ is different. Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Note:
Among the given compounds, $NH_4^ + ,{H_3}{O^ + },O{F_2}$ have the same hybridization and different shape. And the hybridization is$s{p^3}$. The ammonium ion contains four bonding orbitals and the hydronium ion contains one lone pair of electrons. And the oxygen difluoride has two bond pairs and two lone pairs. But, the remaining compound pairs have different hybridization and shapes.