Question: Which of the hormones is responsible for the emotional state such as fear and anger and causes a ris...

Question

Which of the hormones is responsible for the emotional state such as fear and anger and causes a rise of blood pressure and rate of a heartbeat?
(A)Insulin
(B)Adrenaline
(C)Progesterone
(D)Thyroxine

Answer 1

Solution

The hormone released by the adrenal gland and some neurons of the medulla oblongata has the ability to affect our emotional state as well as make us prepare for fight-to-flight responses.

Complete answer:
Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is responsible for the emotional state such as fear, anger, and fight to flight responses such as a rise in blood pressure and an increased rate of heartbeat. It is normally produced by Adrenal glands as well as a small number of neurons in the medulla oblongata. It controls such emotional responses by binding to alpha and beta receptors.

Additional Information: The hormonal component of emotional response includes the release of adrenaline hormones in our system. It is an adrenomedullary response to stress and is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. Some of these adrenaline based emotional states are the states of fear and anger.
Another physiological stimulus related to adrenaline is exercise, during which the concentration of this hormone in the blood rises partially from the increased secretion of the adrenal medulla and partly from the decreased metabolism of adrenaline due to reduced blood flow to the liver.
It is seen that adrenaline also has an effect on the enhancement of long-term memory in humans. The release of Adrenaline due to an event can modulate memory consolidation of that specific event.

So, the correct answer is "Adrenaline".

Note: Insulin, progesterone, and Thyroxine- all are different types of hormones secreted by various parts of our body. Insulin is a peptide hormone and is produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets, whereas thyroxine is two hormones ( ${ T }_{ 3 }$ and ${ T }_{ 4 }$ ) secreted by the thyroid gland. Progesterone is a steroid sex hormone that controls the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis in humans and other species.