Question

Which of the following undergo carbylamine test?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Answer 1

Carbylamine reaction involves reaction of amines with chloroform and an alkali. It is also called isocyanide test, as it can distinguish primary$1{}^\circ$amine from secondary $2{}^\circ$and tertiary$3{}^\circ$amines. The primary amine will make a foul smelling isocyanide compound with this reaction, so it can be distinguished from secondary and tertiary.

Complete answer:
When aliphatic or aromatic primary $1{}^\circ$amines $\left( -RN{{H}_{2}} \right)$react with chloroform in the presence of a strong alkali then a foul smelling compound called as isocyanide is formed. This reaction is known as carbylamine reaction or carbylamine test and also isocyanide test. This test distinguishes between primary amine from secondary and tertiary amines.
Among the given amines, the amine that is primary, which has an amine group attached with only one carbon atom will undergo a carbylamine test.
As the given compounds has (A) having a primary amine $\left( -RN{{H}_{2}} \right)$as amine group is attached with only one carbon atom, so it will give the carbylamine test and form a foul smelling isocyanide compound. The reaction is as follows:

Hence, (A) will undergo carbylamine test, so this option is correct.

Note:
Amines $\left( -RN{{H}_{2}} \right)$ act as Lewis bases as they have a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atoms, but aromatic amines are less basic. Isocyanide ion $C{{N}^{-}}$ is an ambident nucleophile, which means it has the ability to attach on the carbon chain either as $\left( N\equiv C \right)$called as isocyanide or as$\left( C\equiv N \right)$called as cyanide.