Question

Which of the following techniques can be used to introduce foreign DNA into the cell?
(A) Using disarmed pathogen
(B) Microinjection
(C) Gene gun
(D) All of these

Answer 1

It is a tool used in genetic engineering. It helps in the production of genetically modified organisms.

Complete answer: Genetic engineering is obtained by incorporating a "gene of interest" into the "target" organism from sources such as plants, bacteria, viruses, and animals. The organism with the inserted "gene of interest" has become capable of performing the new feature or characteristic. This technology gives us the ability to overcome the barriers, exchange genes between organisms and produce new organisms with "favourable characteristics"

Now lets us find the solution from the given options-
1. Generally vectors are used for passing DNA to a host cell. The disarmed pathogen vectors are used because they are genetically engineered vectors which have no virulent and pathogen properties. So they are the effective process of transferring the DNA to the host without any risk of infection or mistake.
2. In genetic engineering and transgenics, microinjection is commonly used for introducing genetic material into single cells. It is a very fine pipette of glass which has a very fine tip, forming almost the same diameter as an injection. It is used for manually injecting genetic material into the nuclei of cells.
3. A gene gun is a tool used in biolistic transfection. It is a method used to introduce genetic material into cells using tiny DNA-coated particles that are fired into a cluster of cells at high velocity. It is a device used to provide the cells with exogenous DNA, RNA, or protein.

Thus, the right answer is option D i.e., All of these

Note: Genetic engineering is the collection of technologies that work directly on the genes of an organism by altering the genetic make-up of cells and introducing one or more new characteristics that are not present in that organism.