Question
Question: Which of the following statements is true about alkyl halide? A.They are polar in nature B.Alkyl...
Which of the following statements is true about alkyl halide?
A.They are polar in nature
B.Alkyl halide contain halogen atom linked to an alkyl group
C.They undergo addition reaction
D.They are highly soluble in water
Solution
The halides are the most electronegative elements in the periodic table, they are the only elements which make the oxygen atom to exist in a positive oxidation state. They have five electrons present in their d orbital and fluorine is the most electronegative.
Complete answer:
First let’s start with understanding what alkyl halides. As the name suggests that prefix alkyl means a carbon change, hydrocarbon where several carbons are attached to each other by covalent bonds. Halide means all the elements that are present in the seventeenth group having just one unpaired electron in its outermost orbital.
Now a halide and carbon chain are attached to each other for the compound to be called alkyl halide. Now as the halogen is a highly electronegative element to exist independently and such compounds have a high tendency to attract electrons of the bond much closer to their nucleus therefore creating a polarity across the bond. The halogen has a partial negative charge while the carbon chain has partial positive charge.
The polarity between these atoms is so high that the bond irrespective of being a covalent bond the bond strength is quite high as a lot of energy would be needed so as to break the bond so therefore, they won’t easily dissociate in water and therefore are not soluble.
Alkyl halides can go addition reactions only and only when there are unsaturated bonds present in the compound and also addition reactions help create alkyl halide.
Alkyl halides contain halogen atoms linked to an alkyl group, are polar in nature and can undergo addition reactions only when there are unsaturated bonds.
Note:
Addition reaction is a very important reaction of organic chemistry where an unsaturated hydrocarbon and compound like hydrogen bromide react to form a product containing all of the reactants.