Question

Which of the following statements is correct?
A. There are working ‘EcoSan’ toilets in many areas of Kerala and Sri Lanka.
B. Municipal solid wastes are wastes from homes, offices, stores, schools, hospitals, etc. that are collected and disposed of by the municipality.
C. In a sanitary landfill, wastes are dumped in a depression or trench after compaction and covered with dirt every day
D. All of these

Answer 1

EcoSan or ecological sanitation is a method of resource-oriented sanitation. It aims to reuse excreta in agriculture. Municipal waste is a type of waste that includes everyday items that are discarded by the public. A Sanitary landfill is a method of disposal of municipal waste in a controlled manner on land.

Complete answer: To answer this question, let us understand each statement individually to know whether it is right or wrong.
-Statement A says that there are working EcoSan toilets in areas of Kerala and Sri Lanka. Firstly, EcoSan is an abbreviation for the term Ecological sanitation. It is an approach to avoid the usage of non-renewable materials. It aims to reuse human excreta in agricultural practices. If excreta waste is treated properly with care, nutrients can be extracted and used in agriculture. Many EcoSan toilets were developed in areas of Kerala and Sri Lanka. So, this statement is correct.
-Statement B says that Municipal waste consists of waste from homes, offices, stores, hospitals, etc. the municipal waste is that which consists of everyday items thrown or disposed of by the public. This waste includes sanitation waste, waste from streets, paper waste, kitchen waste, etc. so, this statement is also correct.
-Statement C says that in a sanitary landfill, wastes are dumped in depression after compaction and then covered by dirt every day. A landfill is an area of land that is depressed to be filled up by waste layers. The waste is dumped in this trench in consecutive layers and then at least these are covered by dirt or soil to prevent smell. So, this statement is also correct.
-Statement D says that all of the above statements are true. So, we can conclude from the above discussion that all of the given statements are correct.
Hence, option D is correct.

Note: The EcoSan system is an efficient way to reuse the waste as it involves an efficient and hygienic way to dispose of human waste by dry composting toilets. This waste can be processed carefully and then used as a natural fertilizer in the fields. Municipal waste today is the biggest problem and landfills are getting over the limits. Thus, an efficient disposal technique and awareness should be created among the public.