Question

Which of the following solutions is hypertonic?
A.$0.1M{\text{FeC}}{{\text{l}}_3}$
B. $0.1M{\text{NaOH}}$
C.$0.1M$ urea
D.$0.1M{\text{N}}{{\text{a}}_2}S{O_4}$

Answer 1

We have to know that a hypertonic arrangement is a specific kind of arrangement that has a more noteworthy centralization of solutes outwardly of a cell when contrasted and within a cell. This prompts water leaving the cell and streaming into the arrangement around it.

Complete answer:
We have to see that the hypertonic arrangement implies pressure is most elevated in contrast with different arrangements. Since focus, temperature and universal gas steady are something very similar for all, subsequently the worth of osmotic pressure would rely upon van’t Hoff factor "i".
By using the following expression for osmotic pressure,
$Osmatic{\text{ pressure = i}} \times {\text{C}} \times {\text{R}} \times {\text{T}}$
Where,
$C$ = concentration
$R$ = Universal gas constant
$T$ = Temperature
$i$ = van’t Hoff factor
Here, $i$ is how many total ions of a compound would be dissociated.
Therefore,
Van’t Hoff factor for $0.1M{\text{FeC}}{{\text{l}}_3}$ is four. Because the number of ions present in iron is one and chlorine ions are three.
Van’t Hoff factor for $0.1M{\text{NaOH}}$ is two. Because the number of ions present in sodium ions is one and hydroxide ions are one.
Van’t Hoff factor for $0.1M$ urea is one.
Van’t Hoff factor for $0.1M{\text{N}}{{\text{a}}_2}S{O_4}$ is three. Because the number of ions present in sodium ions is two and $S{O_4}$ ion is one.
The pressure is maximum in $0.1M{\text{FeC}}{{\text{l}}_3}$ compared to others. Because the van't Hoff factor is maximum in $0.1M{\text{FeC}}{{\text{l}}_3}$ . This is hypertonic.

Therefore, the correct option is (A).

Note:
We have to know that clinicians utilize hypertonic liquids to increment intravascular liquid volume. Hypertonic saline can be used in the treatment of hyponatremia. Hypertonic saline and mannitol are both shown to decrease intracranial pressing factor.