Question

Which of the following represents the bacterial diseases?
A) Cholera, Tuberculosis, Malaria, Measles.
B) Smallpox, Tuberculosis, Malaria, Typhoid.
C) Cholera, Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Measles.
D) Cholera, Anthrax, Tuberculosis, Typhoid.

Answer 1

Bacterial disease as the name suggests are diseases caused by the bacteria. It includes most of the common diseases. The first antibiotics (penicillin) made were also against bacteria named Staphylococcus.

Complete step by step answer:
A. Cholera is caused by the bacteria named Vibrio cholera which is a comma-shaped bacteria and it is characterised by dehydration and diarrhoea, lethargy and water-electrolyte balance.
B. Tuberculosis: It is caused by the bacteria named Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In many cases, it is seen that most of the people do not get any kind of symptoms and those who get, include coughing, weight loss, fever and night sweat. It is also characterised by the pain in the chest area, shortness of breath and swollen lymph nodes.
C. Smallpox: It is a viral disease caused by the Variola virus. Its symptoms include flu-like symptoms, rashes appear on the face first and then on arms, and lastly on the torso. Sometimes it proves to be a deadly disease, but now it has been eradicated from the world since 1980.
D. Anthrax: It is a bacterial disease which mainly infects animals and humans. They are affected when they come in contact with infected animals. It is an extremely rare disease (reported less than 5000 per year in India). Its symptoms vary from ulcer of skin to dark scab and difficulty in breathing.
E. Typhoid: it is caused by Salmonella typhi. These organisms enter the small intestine through contaminated food and water and then moves to other organs through the blood. Its symptoms include sustained high fever, stomach ache, constipation, and loss of appetite. In an extreme case, intestinal perforation may occur which causes death.
G. Measles: It is caused by Morbillivirus. Its symptoms include runny nose, sore throat, cough, fever and skin rashes.
Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Note: Malaria is caused by the plasmodium (P. vivax , P. malaria and P. falciparum) whose vector is a female anopheles mosquito. Of all the vectors, Plasmodium falciparum causes the most dangerous type of malaria called malignant malaria.