Question

Which of the following possess covalent, ionic as well as co-ordinate covalent bonds?
A. $HCl$
B. $N{{H}_{4}}Cl$
C. $C{{l}_{2}}$
D. $C{{H}_{4}}$

Answer 1

To find the answer of the question, look into each option and check the type of bond that is present between the atoms of the molecule and try to figure out which molecule possess the three bonds i.e. covalent, ionic and coordinate covalent bonds and choose the option that suitable the criteria.

Complete step by step answer:
So, first let us know about the different types of bond a molecule possesses.
- Ionic Bond: The electrostatic force of attraction which holds the two oppositely charged ions together is called as the ionic bond. This kind of bond is formed when one atom gains electrons while the other atom loses electrons from its outermost shell or orbit. This bond is also called as “electrovalent bond”.
- Covalent Bond: A covalent bond is formed by equal sharing of electrons from both the atom that are participating in the bond formation. This type of bond is also referred to “molecular bond”.
- Coordinate covalent Bond: This type of bond is a type of an alternate covalent bond which is formed by sharing of electrons from a single atom only i.e. both the shared electrons are donated by the same atom only. It is also called as “dative bond” or “dipolar bond”.

So, now let’s see each of the options given in the question.
The first option given is $HCl$, and it has a covalent bond, where hydrogen and chlorine share equal number of electrons. Thus, this option is not correct.
The second option has $N{{H}_{4}}Cl$, where ionic bond is present between ammonium ion ($N{{H}_{4}}^{+}$) and chloride ion, three covalent bonds are present between three hydrogen atoms and one nitrogen atom and one coordinate bond is present between the nitrogen atom and hydrogen atom.
While, the other two options i.e. $C{{l}_{2}}$ and $C{{H}_{4}}$, covalent bond is present between two chloride ions and four covalent bonds are present between carbon and hydrogen atoms in methane.
Therefore, we can see that covalent, ionic, and co-ordinate covalent bonds, all are present in ammonium chloride i.e. $N{{H}_{4}}Cl$.
So, the correct answer is “Option B”.

Note: Remember, ionic bond is formed when one atom gains electrons while the other atom loses electrons from its outermost shell or orbit. While a covalent bond is formed by equal sharing of electrons between two atoms. And a coordinate bond is formed by sharing of electrons from a single atom only i.e. both the shared electrons are donated by the same atom only.