Question

Which of the following parts of the cortical nephron is most likely located in the medulla of the kidney.
(a)Loop of Henle
(b)DCT
(c)PCT
(d)Renal corpuscle

Answer 1

It's the filtration unit of vertebrate nephrons, functional units of the kidney. It comprises a bunch of vessels (glomerulus) encompassed by a twofold wallet case (Bowman's case) that opens into a tubule. Vital sign forces plasma minus its macromolecules (e.g., proteins) from the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman’s capsule.

Complete step by step answer
The nephron is called the structural and functional unit of the kidney. And it's mainly divided into two distinct parts:
1.Cortex
2.Medulla
The medulla is formed from primary ducts consisting of renal corpuscles and tubules. These renal corpuscles are the bundle of capillaries that constitute together to make glomerulus of Bowman's capsule and helps in filtration.
Cortex is the part where ultrafiltration occurs within the kidney, they constitute a loop of Henle alongside distal and proximal convoluted tubules.
Cortical nephrons have a short loop of Henle, which helps to penetrate only the outer part of the renal medulla but the juxtamedullary nephrons have a long loop of Henle that extends deep into the renal medulla.
Cortical nephrons occur in all vertebrates. Juxtamedullary nephrons occur only in birds and mammals.

Additional information:
The malpighian body acts to filter blood. The malpighian body filtration hindrance comprises the fenestrated endothelium of glomerular vessels, the combined basal lamina of endothelial cells and podocytes, and accordingly the filtration cuts of the podocytes. The basal lamina comprises three layers: lamina rara externa, lamina densa, and lamina rara interna. The lamina rara externa is neighboring the podocyte measures. The lamina densa is the central layer consisting of type IV collagen and laminin. This layer acts as a selective macromolecular filter, preventing the passage of huge protein molecules into Bowman's space. The lamina rara interna is nearby endothelial cells. This layer contains heparan sulfate, a charged glycosaminoglycan that contributes to the electrostatic barrier of the glomerular filter.

So the correct answer is ‘Renal corpuscle’.

Note: The Bowman's capsule has an outer parietal layer composed of straightforward squamous epithelium. The instinctive layer, made out of altered straightforward squamous epithelium, is lined by podocytes. Podocytes consist of foot measures, pedicels, that fold over glomerular vessels. These pedicels interdigitate with pedicels of neighboring podocytes shaping filtration cuts.