Question

Which of the following organisms is known to produce ATP through chemiosmosis?
A. All cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) are capable of respiration using either oxygen or other electron acceptors.
B. All cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic), but only in the presence of oxygen.
C. Eukaryotic cells only, and only when oxygen is present.
D. All cells that possess mitochondria and when oxygen and other electron acceptors are present.

Answer 1

Across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, the movement of a ions down their electrochemical gradient is called as chemiosmosis. For example in cellular respiration and photosynthesis this chemiosmosis process has been used for the formation of ATP by the movement of hydrogen ions. All kinds of bacteria, archaea used chemiosmosis to produce ATP.

Complete answer:
Chemiosmosis is the movement of the hydrogen ions upon concentration gradient to produce the ATP.
This process is related to osmosis, which is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane so it is called chemiosmosis. The main function of chemiosmosis is the production of ATP which is the important molecule used by the cell. Most common method of involving the process of production of ATP in cellular respiration in mitochondria in all eukaryotic organisms. In all eukaryotic organisms, the cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria but in prokaryotic as mitochondria are absent the chemiosmosis process occurs in cell membranes. In the process of chemiosmosis, oxygen plays an important role as without oxygen they cannot accept the electron and further chain transport will stop which inturn will stop the production of ATP. Hence, oxygen plays an important role.
Chemiosmosis process occurs in every organism that is prokaryotic and eukaryotic but in the presence of oxygen.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: The movement of the ions through a semipermeable membrane down their electrochemical gradient is called chemiosmosis. This process is used by the entire eukaryotic and prokaryotic organism. The eukaryotic organism uses cellular respiration with the help of mitochondria and the prokaryotic organism uses cell membrane for this chemiosmosis process. For this process, oxygen plays an important role as without oxygen they cannot accept the electron and the electron transport chain will not continue, which inturn will stop the production of ATP.