Question

Which of the following options are not a function of ribosomes?
(i) It helps in the manufacture of protein molecules.
(ii) It helps in the manufacture of enzymes.
(iii) It helps in the manufacture of hormones.
(iv) It helps in the manufacture of starch molecules.
A. (i) and (ii)
B. (ii) and (iii)
C. (iii) and (iv)
D. (iv) and (i)

Answer 1

The end expression of the translation process is protein or enzymes. Majorly enzymes are made up of proteins, In the translation process ribosomes play a significant role in protein formation in the cell cytoplasm. The translation process takes place outside the nucleus of the cell.

Complete answer: Ribosomes are the small rounded macromolecule structures that are usually attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and together they form rough endoplasmic reticulum and also present freely in the cell cytoplasm. Ribosomes consist of two parts called small and large subunits and each of the subunits made up of one or more than one ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and ribosomal proteins. Ribosomes are grouped into prokaryotic ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes that are the 70S and 80S form respectively. The major function of ribosomes is protein formation called the translation process, which takes place after transcription in which DNA makes the protein formation codes in the form of mRNA. In the translation, process ribosomes attach the amino acid in a specific order of the codon by messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules to form a polypeptide chain. Messenger RNA holds the information for the protein formation and ribosomes attached to the mRNA and uses a specific sequence to determine the unique order of amino acids to create a protein macromolecule. The amino acid is brought by the tRNA called transfer RNA to the ribosomes and amino acid enters the ribosomes attached to mRNA via anticodon stem-loop and starts growing the polypeptide chain.
Hence, the correct option is C.

Note: Ribosomes are made up of RNAs and protein which act as ribonucleoprotein complexes and each ribosome consists of smaller 30S and larger 50S subunits both of them are bounded with each other. 30S functions as decoding and bound with mRNA and 50S functions as catalysis which is bound to aminoacylated tRNAs.