Question

Which of the following means endemic?
(a) Indigenous
(b) Exotic
(c) Ubiquitous
(d) Naturalized

Answer 1

The constant presence of disease or infectious agents, people, culture, technology within a given geographical area or population group is termed as endemic. Malaria is endemic in most parts of Sub Saharan Africa especially in low land areas.

Complete step by step answer:
A disease present in the people is described as endemic or indigenous when it's constantly present during a particular group of individuals.
The International Day of the World's Indigenous People is on August 9 each year to promote and protect the rights of the world’s indigenous population.
Example:
- The cold is endemic in New Zealand schools because on any day it's extremely likely that a minimum of one student will have a chilly day.
- In India, 461 ethnic groups are recognized as Scheduled Tribes or ST. These are considered to be India’s indigenous peoples. In India, the Scheduled Tribes are usually referred to as Adivasis.
So, the correct answer is ‘Indigenous.’

Additional Information:
- An epidemic may be a widespread outbreak of an communicable disease with a big increase within the number of cases during a particular area. The world covered by the epidemic could be as small as one school or home, a suburb, a city or maybe a rustic.
- Pandemic are global epidemics, a plague occurring over a good area and typically affecting an outsized portion of the population. The dimensions of outbreaks depend on factors like the ratio of vulnerable to immune subjects, a period of infectivity, population density etc.
- Invasive species can coexist with native species for an extended time, and only gradually does the superior competitive ability of an invasive species become apparent, as its population grows larger and denser, and which slowly increases the risk of extinction to other species.
- Endemic species:
When a species is found only during a particular countryside due to its isolation, soil and climate, it's said to be endemic. This idea was first given by Candolle.
- Endangered species:
The species are those living organisms which are almost on the verge of extinction.

Note:
- The introduction of Tilapia, Common carp, Pangasius and white leg shrimp have a greater adverse impact on aquatic ecosystems and also on culture practices.
- The introduction of exotic species results in competition for limited food, space, ecological niche and may result in genetic erosion, predation and pathogen entry.
- On the other hand, the introduction of exotic species can be used for broadening species diversity in aquaculture systems of a particular country and also for economic benefits.