Question

Which of the following is used in making sugar and bread?
A. Saccharomyces
B. Lactobacillus
C. Clostridium
D. Penicillium

Answer 1

A genus of fungi that consists of unicellular organisms called yeast is a very important organism to be used in food production. Brewing bread making, cheese making, and other fermentation products are mostly made using yeast. It is an easily available and very efficient organism that is used in fermentation.

Complete answer:
Bread making involves yeast fermentation as a key stage which results in a spongy texture and characteristic flavor of the bread. Yeasts are unicellular fungal organisms that belong to the genus Saccharomyces. These are widely used fungus in food production processes. Yeats is capable of breaking carbohydrates into simple sugars and then utilizes them as their nutritional source. The secondary metabolites produced by yeast may be in the form of sugars or ethanol. This is the reason they are used in the brewing industry for making beer, wine, etc.
Yeast is sometimes referred to as Baker’s yeast due to its important application in the baking industry. Saccharomyces is called the sugar eating yeast and it is used for the leavening of bread. It utilizes the sugars and oxygen present in the bread dough. These two products act as nutrition for yeast and cause the multiplication of yeast cells. This results in the formation of a secondary metabolite called carbon dioxide due to the breakdown of sugars. Carbon dioxide is gas and it makes the bread dough rise. This gives a light and spongy texture to the bread. All of this occurs due to the fermentation process. Fermentation produces other by-products that give characteristic flavor to the bread. Yeast continues to proliferate until the temperature of the fermentor reaches $46{}^\circ$ C. Yeast dies at higher temperatures.
So, we can conclude that the right answer is option A.

Note: Other applications of yeast are in the brewing industry. The yeast utilizes the starch and other sugars present in grains or grapes and causes fermentation. This results in the formation of ethanol which is alcohol. Each alcoholic drink has its specific percentage of ethanol. Thus, yeast is an essential fungus.