Question
Question: Which of the following is used for the fabrication of integrated circuits? A) Semiconductors B) ...
Which of the following is used for the fabrication of integrated circuits?
A) Semiconductors
B) Metals
C) Insulators
D) Alloys
Solution
We need to know what the term ‘integrated circuit’ means in order to know its units of fabrication. The term integrated circuit denotes the combination of more than one element of circuit all brought in together for some functioning in electronic devices.
Complete step by step answer:
The integrated circuit is a combination of electronic circuits on a single flat piece of semiconductor which allows conduction between the different elements used in the electric circuits. The integrated circuits or commonly referred to as “ICs” are an integral part of any electronic device. It is an interconnection of different active (transistors and diodes) and passive (capacitors and resistors) elements on a single platform which enables quicker conduction and thereby, faster response.
The semiconductors are the building blocks of the Integrated circuits. It is the invention of semiconductors, diodes and transistors that revolutionised the electronic industry.
The diodes are two-terminal semiconductor devices which enable conduction through drift currents and diffusion currents. The main types of diodes include – the p-n junction diodes, the Zener diodes, the Avalanche diodes, the tunnel diodes, the varicaps, photodiodes and so on. All these are different forms emerged from the basic p-n junction diode with differences in current directions and capacities.
The transistors are three terminal p-n-p or n-p-n semiconductor devices also known as Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT). They are used in controlling the various outputs of voltage which are highly dependent on the inputs.
These two are the main components of an Integrated circuit.
So, the correct answer is “Option A”.
Note: The evolution of electronic devices did a great bounce from the vacuum systems early used to the very large integrated circuits which are widely used today. The efficiency of the devices has become incomparable with the invention of semiconductors.